Monday 19 May 2014

Weekly NDM stories

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/02/infringing-websites-list-anti-piracy

This article states that taking individuals to court over piracy isn't doing much and so in 2014 there are going to be attempts to follow the revenue generated. That means focusing their efforts on piracy sites, through three main tactics: pressuring search engines to remove links to infringing files and demote piracy sites in their rankings; forcing ISPs to block their customers from accessing those sites; and trying to squeeze their flow of advertising revenues.


An Infringing Website List (IWL for short) was created to gather the URLs of piracy sites and persuade brands, media agencies and ad networks to ensure they're not advertising on them.
The IWL is the result of a three-month pilot in 2013 backed by a host of creative industry bodies – the BPI and IFPI from the music industry, FACT from software, The Publishers Association from books – as well as advertising industry bodies the IAB, ISBA and IPA.
"Disrupting the money unlawful websites make from advertising could make a real difference to the fight against copyright infringement," said creative industries minister Ed Vaizey this week. 
Not everyone agrees that it's such an excellent thing, however. The Pirate Party UK has criticised the initiative, pointing out that the IWL will not be made public, and that even if website owners find they are on it, it is unclear how they can apply to be removed.
I believe that it is a better and more effective way of dealing with piracy however, it won't prevent people trying to download things for free, they may attempt to go around these tactics and won't be prosecuted as everyones focus would mainly be on the sites as a whole and their owners who create the filesharing sites.

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/01/uk-wifi-routers-internet-attacks

Millions of routers worldwide vulnerable to digital criminals, 800,000 of which are in the UK, with potential for serious disruption
Broadband router cable

As many as 24m routers across the world can be used by cybercriminals to launch massive attacks on internet infrastructure, while simultaneously disrupting home connections and costing communications companies dearly.
Research shown exclusively to the Guardian showed 800,000 of those routers are based in the UK, opening up the potential for serious disruption of the country’s data networks.
Over a single day this year, Nominum said it recorded 5bn requests for such domains. This produced 12 terabytes of traffic, which is a significant amount of data flying around the internet solely for malicious means.
Nominum said over a single day in February more than 5.3m of the routers running the feature were used to generate attack traffic in Asia. An attack in January used up 70% of an internet providers Domain Name System servers.

Sunday 18 May 2014

Essay

New and digital media offers media institutions different ways of reaching audiences.
Consider how and why media institutions are using these techniques. (48 marks)


Due to the development of technology causing an expansion in the digital media means it is easier for media institutions to reach their audiences, and are able to gain a greater understanding of what their audience want in order to reach target their audience.
There are many ways in which this has been able to happen, firstly, the internet has allowed a gateway between media institutions and their audiences, allowing them to engage on a more personal level. An example of this would be how the use of twitter allows audience feedback on certain films and television programme's, such as the X-Factor. By using the symbol '#' twitter users are able to tag a phrase with their tweet so that if a person searches this phrase their tweet, along with many others, will appear. X-Factor used this, particularly during the auditions so that users could tweet their opinions and view what other's were also thinking, by allowing their viewers to interact it means they are gaining a lot more from the programme, by giving the audience a voice it makes them feel important to the show, and what this particular show feed's off is a large amount of viewers, because a large amount of opinionated viewers means a large amount of voters.

Following on from this point is the increase in other methods of social networking and how this has had a major impact. This is down to the amount of people using social networking sites, which is mostly favored by people between classes E-B and more often than not students and young people. By being having access to social networking the media institutions can see directly who their target audience are, they have a real life profile of someone to set their aims to. This also allows a greater range of advertising, for example down the side of someone's facebook page their is a featured number of ad's, these are cleverly based around what this person researches on the internet and the pages they have previously 'liked', this is cheap and smart way of advertising in both this and the above twitter example because they are getting their audiences to advertise for them, as well as gaining all important feedback.
Fan sites are another important aspect to the digital media as it allows fans of certain films or TV shows interact with one another making them feel apart of something more than what's on a screen. A user can subscribe to individual fan sites, 'like' facebook fan pages or follow twitter pages, in some cases they can even set up their own as the internet now gives you complete easy access to do so.

Websites have become increasingly high-tech and have allowed their users to have more interaction with the film, for example I looked up the website for 'The Dark Knight' and saw good computer graphics as well as links to social networking relating back to the points on the constantly growing social networking sites.

Through the use of smart phones and 'Apps' the audience are able to completely interact with the film and have easier access to review sites in order to give or receive information on a film they may wish to watch. With websites such as BBC iPlayer and 4OD it gives the users the option to watch shows where-ever and whenever they choose with a wide selection of what the channels provide, this also gives them the ability to advertise future shows to gain more viewers, for those who don't have time to watch the television.
The audience have much more control over what they want to watch and their opinion now is highly valued by media institution, because they are the money behind the profit.

Kindle/ iTunes-why: ease of use
Online extras, e.g. Sure For Men or Scott Pilgrim vs. The World/ Prometheus- Why: Dyer: must relate to the spirit, values and ideas of the times/ increased globalisation helps the effects of viral marketing.
Furthermore, the new and digital media offer different ways of reaching audiences through synergy; it allows institutions to create online extras for its audiences. In this way they conform to the idea that they must relate to the values, ideas and spirit of the times (Dyer) and keep up with the increased globalisation helping the effects of global marketing. When the latest ‘Sure For Men’ deodorant was released, codes were placed on the bottles so that users could type this code online and play and exclusive racing game. When Scott Pilgrim vs. The World was released, an interactive trailer was produced, where the user could hover over certain parts that would give out trivial pieces of information.
New and digital media allows institutions to take part in the persistent decentralisation of the media, which is so popular it helps increase their own popularity with their audiences. In this sense, Channel 4 has created ‘estings:’ ten second idents that are designed by the channel’s audiences. This makes the channel more engaging to active audiences , and shows they are a progressive institute and not a regressive one.
Not only this, but digital media keeps institutions up-to-date with the social norms due to the rapid convergence culture that traditional media can not necessarily keep up with. This is why newspapers now have online websites without paywalls and use QR codes in their advertisements, and this use of new media helps them to compete for audiences.
This media also allows institutions to respond to audience’s need of social affiliation (Maslow) and their personal relationships (Blumler and Katz). For instance, LMFAO allowed viewer participation through a competitive format; they asked their fans to create a music video to one of their songs, as a competition. Likewise, the BBC’s Planet Earth Live’s Twitter feed and Facebook page allows viewers to express their opinions and give ideas for the names of certain animals.
E4 estings: The decentralisation of the media
Newspapers online without a paywall- keeps us with the social norms + Dyer “—“ + rapid convergence culture
Make your own video competition by LMFAO/ BBC’s Planet Earth Facebook account and Twitter feed- Social affiliation need/ personal relationship use
New and digital media offers institutions a variety of different ways to reach audience; it allows them to give audiences and ease of use for their services.
For example, the Kindle and Kindle Fire allow readers to access a variety of books without having to carry the extra weight. The same applies to iTunes, which allows thousands of tracks to be loaded onto one database. These institutions use this different way of reaching audiences to keep up with convergence of new media and therefore not appearing traditionalist and alienating its customers.

Monday 28 April 2014

Weekly NDM stories

Apple's iPhone 'lock-out’ patent could end texting while driving
A new automatic system to preventing phone use while driving could ‘change the culture’ of texting addiction, say experts

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/24/apples-iphone-lock-out-patent-could-end-texting-while-driving

apple iphone texting

summary of story: this article talks about the a new technology proposed by Apple would seek to address the dangerous and ubiquitous problem of drivers who use their phone behind the wheel, according to experts.

'distraction with an automated system that would disable certain smartphone functions when an iPhone user is driving.'

Key info: 
  •  35% and increase the likelihood of a crash by 23 times for commercial drivers.
  • penalty of three points on the driver’s licence and a fine of £100.

My view : i think that even if you cut off some functionality, it doesn't necessarily remove the distraction the phone causes for drivers. and also simply think that there is no greater safety system than simply turning off the phone while driving.!

Media News | IT Staff Shortages Raise Cyber Crime Risk


http://news.sky.com/story/1050981/it-staff-shortages-raise-cyber-crime-risk

The  number of IT staff have not increased in line with the growth of the internet. This shows how the intenet has expanded rapidly and has revolutionised so quickly that people and institutions aren't able to keep up. There is a main need for phsychologists, law enforcers and technical staff but most people dont meet the standards or requirements they need which therefore means that website and etc are more vulnerable to hackers.


Saturday 26 April 2014

Class Presentation topics

Social Media ( Twitter ) 

Social media is one of the most developed fields in new and digital media - connecting people wide world.

- 500 Million users 2012
- Information easily obtained e.g Arab Spring in 2011 ( Egypt )

Audience play a passive role - have more control over what the viewers consume

Traditional media - no longer popular ( faster news update on social networks than newspapers )

'HASHTAGS'  - allows audience to form a groups and become one of the wider social group members.

DISCOVER PAGE -  News worthy, news are picked out from news feeds and if they are news valid they are then selected.

- Allows institution to make more users talk and tweet about a specific topic.

Using new/digital media, couple of the guys one names Slim Mahmood he managed to hack the union website got a crowd together using Facebook and Tunisia's bloggers . Also, he used Twitter to guide and warn people about which road to take to avoid police officers. They met up in mohammed ali square to protest. Videos ( online live streaming ) within days went viral.


Facebook And Democracy 

'Global Village' 

Age demographic 25/34 yrs.

Facebook and other social network have changes lifestyles - some positive impact of Facebooks

- E.g. Barack Obama used it for his campaign.

The internet is an 'empowering Tool' ( Algore)

- 5 million users in Egypt.

evolution of internet being in favour Tunisian people managed to captured evidence by using their mobile phones and online live stream
- Protest videos and images went viral ( nature of New/digital media) 
- This was then picked up by Al Jazeera 
- People responded and reacted - copy cat demonstration. 


Music industry 

Spotify - commercial music streaming service ' 2008

- 20 millions songs 
- 24 million users 

Advantage - takes up less space on your device 
                 -  Make your own playlist for free 


ITUNES 

Apple - 2001 

Piracy - illegal downloading songs 
hard for artist to produce more music 

Benefit of New and Digital media in music industry 

- Consumers can now be producers of their own music 
- make music for free 
- advertisement free on social networks 
- you tube - getting more viewers tuned in 

Film Industry 

Prime example : Netflix 

- second popular on demand streaming 
- watch movies, Tv drama and programmes of your fav
- other examples......Blinkbox

audience

- all different age ranges but mostly young adults 

Cinema revenues had decreased
people no longer wait for programmes to be on...... watch on smart phones. 
Technology have impacted film industry negatively 

Institution 
- internet have killed the video store.
- UGC is available for audience to shar e their opinion while they are watching the programmes. 

- monthly change increased by £1 ( monthly £6.50)

Purist

- audience having control over what they want to watch when they want to watch the programmes and movies. 

Marxist - Hegemonic leader 

- scheduling - impacting on the traditional TV scheduling.  

Music Industry 

Spotify - commercial music streaming service ' 2008

- 20 millions songs 
- 24 million users 

Advantage - takes up less space on your device 
                 -  Make your own playlist for free

Impact

- Artist not making profit for what they produce.
- apps like spotify ruin it for them
- CD revenue dropped by 11.7%

Plurist

- easy access to internet, get music and listen to them when audience heart desires

SKY 

November 1990
owed mostly by Rubert Morduck

- Went on demand 2007

Audience - Film: young adults. couples film lovers 

Impact - time scheduling - can watch and record programes to watch later when they want. 

Music Industry 

- technology have changed everything in the music industry
 - because of the internet apps e.t.c artist don't make as much profit as before !
- media company now make more money

Youtube - artist nowbeing succesful through the use of new and digital media.

- examples like sean kingston and Justin bebier

Film Industry 

Prime example : Netflix 

- second popular on demand streaming 
- watch movies, Tv drama and programmes of your fav
- other examples......Blinkbox

audience

- all different age ranges but mostly young adults 

Cinema revenues had decreased
people no longer wait for programmes to be on...... watch on smart phones. 
Technology have impacted film industry negatively 

Institution 
- internet have killed the video store.
- UGC is available for audience to shar e their opinion while they are watching the programmes. 

- monthly change increased by £1 ( monthly £6.50)

Purist

- audience having control over what they want to watch when they want to watch the programmes and movies. 

Marxist - Hegemonic leader 

- scheduling - impacting on the traditional TV scheduling.  


Facebook And Democracy 

'Global Village' 

Age demographic 25/34 yrs.

Facebook and other social network have changes lifestyles - some positive impact of Facebooks

- E.g. Barack Obama used it for his campaign.

The internet is an 'empowering Tool' ( Algore)

- 5 million users in Egypt.

evolution of internet being in favour Tunisian people managed to captured evidence by using their mobile phones and online live stream
- Protest videos and images went viral ( nature of New/digital media) 
- This was then picked up by Al Jazeera 
- People responded and reacted - copy cat demonstration. 


BBC iplayer 


Ownership and control

- have full control because of the TV licence
- charge people 55p
- wanted to extend the licence fees so its covers BBC iplayer

BBC director general Tony

Audience

- not many people use traditional way
- adapt to new and digital media

- more demanding, no schedules - easier for audience

- effects time shifting

Facts : TV - people are charged 7.65p
online its only 55p 

Thursday 24 April 2014

4 weekly NDM story: Easter Holiday

Social media used to recruit new wave of British jihadis in Syria

Messages and photos posted on sites such as Twitter and Facebook provide inside track on motives and activities 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/15/social-media-recruit-british-jihadis-syria-twitter-facebook

A tweet informing of a death

Summary of the story:  This article talks about the one routinely perches himself on a bright pink exercise ball, the other opts for a rickety office chair. Over days, weeks and months they have used their computer screens as a portal into one of the bloodiest conflicts of the modern age in what they say is an effort to understand, engage and give a voice to those young men who choose to leave the western democracies they call home to join the insurgents in Syriafighting the Assad regime.

Key infor: 

  • In December estimated 1,900 people from western Europe had travelled to Syria to fight, 
  • social media has kept those who have joined the jihad in Syria in close contact with what is going on in the UK.

Jihad, Syria and social media: how foreign fighters have documented their war

From pictures showing a 'five-star jihad' to identifying the most influential sheikhs helping to radicalise foreign fighters, three researchers in a basement at Kings College, London, have tracked and analysed the torrent of social media posts coming from Syria.

No-makeup selfies campaign generates £2m windfall for cancer research

no make up


It started with a row at the Oscars, featured the current obsession with "selfies" and rapidly clogged up legions of Facebook streams. Tens of thousands of women, egged on by their friends, shared pictures of themselves without makeup to raise awareness of breast cancer.
By Friday the viral trend had transformed into a fundraising phenomenon, generating a £2m windfall for Cancer Research UK.
The #nomakeupselfies campaign raised the money in just 48 hours, the charity said, with hundreds of thousands of donations from Facebook, Instagram and Twitter users sharing pictures of themselves without makeup and nominating a friend to do the same.
Cancer Research UK said it had not initiated this particular campaign, but was alerted to the #nomakeupselfies trend on Tuesday and began to ask users to add a donation request and text code to their posts. Since then, the money has flooded into the UK charity.
Cancer Research UK's head of social media, Aaron Eccles, said: "We're over the moon. When we do a social media campaign we want to engage as many people as possible, and this has taken off like crazy."
The idea itself appears to have begun last week when American crime author Laura Lippman tweeted a picture of herself without makeup in support of Kim Novak, the 81-year-old actor whose looks had been criticised at the Oscars. The theme was picked up by celebrities and fans of Lippman before spreading more widely.
But for all the unexpected financial success, some commentators question whether it is appropriate or relevant to link the "bravery" of appearing without makeup to the very different challenge of fighting cancer, triggering fierce debates online.
Blogger Yomi Adegoke said: "Thinly veiling vanity as philanthropy more than irks … the pretence these images are for anything other than an onslaught of 'natural beauty' acclamations, coupled with pats on the back for 'fighting the cause' makes the no makeup selfie mania even harder to stomach."
At some point, all the criticism prompted people to remember and then resurrect a previous failed social media campaign – where Cancer Research UK had attempted unsuccessfully to use selfies to raise awareness of breast cancer.

Forget suing filesharers: in 2014, anti-piracy efforts follow the money

Rightsholders once sued pirates, but now they try to sink the ships they sail in.
http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/02/infringing-websites-list-anti-piracy

This article states that taking individuals to court over piracy isn't doing much and so in 2014 there are going to be attempts to follow the revenue generated. That means focusing their efforts on piracy sites, through three main tactics: pressuring search engines to remove links to infringing files and demote piracy sites in their rankings; forcing ISPs to block their customers from accessing those sites; and trying to squeeze their flow of advertising revenues.


An Infringing Website List (IWL for short) was created to gather the URLs of piracy sites and persuade brands, media agencies and ad networks to ensure they're not advertising on them.
The IWL is the result of a three-month pilot in 2013 backed by a host of creative industry bodies – the BPI and IFPI from the music industry, FACT from software, The Publishers Association from books – as well as advertising industry bodies the IAB, ISBA and IPA.
"Disrupting the money unlawful websites make from advertising could make a real difference to the fight against copyright infringement," said creative industries minister Ed Vaizey this week. 
Not everyone agrees that it's such an excellent thing, however. The Pirate Party UK has criticised the initiative, pointing out that the IWL will not be made public, and that even if website owners find they are on it, it is unclear how they can apply to be removed.
I believe that it is a better and more effective way of dealing with piracy however, it won't prevent people trying to download things for free, they may attempt to go around these tactics and won't be prosecuted as everyones focus would mainly be on the sites as a whole and their owners who create the filesharing sites.

WiFi routers could be exploited for huge internet attacks in UK – study

Millions of routers worldwide vulnerable to digital criminals, 800,000 of which are in the UK, with potential for serious disruption
Broadband router cablehttp://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/01/uk-wifi-routers-internet-attacks  
Millions of routers worldwide vulnerable to digital criminals, 800,000 of which are in the UK, with potential for serious disruption


As many as 24m routers across the world can be used by cybercriminals to launch massive attacks on internet infrastructure, while simultaneously disrupting home connections and costing communications companies dearly.
Research shown exclusively to the Guardian showed 800,000 of those routers are based in the UK, opening up the potential for serious disruption of the country’s data networks.
Over a single day this year, Nominum said it recorded 5bn requests for such domains. This produced 12 terabytes of traffic, which is a significant amount of data flying around the internet solely for malicious means.
Nominum said over a single day in February more than 5.3m of the routers running the feature were used to generate attack traffic in Asia. An attack in January used up 70% of an internet providers Domain Name System servers.

New case study question 13: presentation


New case study question 9-12

  1. 9. Consider the effects so far, and possible effects in the future, on media institutions involved in your case study (media production).


The effects so far on media institutions such as Apple are quite positive. Due to globalisation Apple have become a world rebound company in mobile technology as well as computers (which makes them a respected insinuation). Although they are a very wealthy and successful company, most people see them in a positive despite their wealth being on par with the the company Goldman Sachs - who most people see as "greedy money grabbers" http://www.towardfreedom.com/globalism/2713-the-apple-connection-globalization-and-outsourcing 

People continue to be loyal to Apple. However, their good reputation outweighs the production lines of foreign labour they impose in factories with workers not realy earning that much money. This could have a negative implication for the future as if they continue to grow at the rate in which they are doing so now they may continue to  employ cheap workers - even secretly - and this is usually seen as unethical and could be likened to sweatshops in India that produce Nike clothing. 
This may also apply to Samsung as they are continuing to build their success and are growing more rapidly. 

Another possible effect in the future is that of the fact that the companies may have plateued and may not be able to go beyond their technological advancements.



10. What issues may there be regarding media effects and /or regulation/ censorship as a result of changes due to new and digital media?


Some issues regarding censorship and regulation would be the regulation of jailbreaking. Due to the internet being much more widely used and becoming more familiar - hackers are becoming more common and jailbreaking iPhones could have negative ramifications on Apple. It allows people to download apps without paying and the agreement of Apple. Nonetheless, people's knowledge about technology is moving just as fast as the developers and will therefore be unable to stop them from doing so. This is turn could affect Apples revenue. 

A bigger issue regarding censorship and regulation would be the capabilities of using mobile internet. As the use of smart phones increases, developers aim to make mobile internet as fast as they can to satisfy their consumers. This then impacts the use of social networking which before was accessed by computers, now people are able to use them on the go and share and "tweet" what they are witnessing at the time. A good example of this is the use of Twitter in the Arab spring as well as footage being filmed from their mobile phones and shared. The rise of UGC means gatekeepers are as able to censor things from the public domain.


11. Are there any cross-cultural factors and /or effects of globalisation involved in the impact of new technology on your case study?  E.g. the internet has been said to be ‘globalising culture’ through its promotion of the English language.



 Are there any cross-cultural factors and /or effects of globalisation involved in the impact of new technology on your case study?  E.g. the internet has been said to be ‘globalising culture’ through its promotion of the English language.

Effects of globalisation are reinforced by the fact that the American company Apple have dominated the technology market and employ people from many other poorer countries such as China. This empowers the US and allows them to remain a dominant country. This also reinforces American Hegemony. It also promotes the idea of Westernisation among poorer countries and encourages them to jump on the band wagon and start using smart phones. However, this allows other smart phone companies such as HTC and Nokia who aren’t as dominant to become market leaders in poorer countries due to their affordability.




12. Consider theoretical perspectives in relation to the impact of new/ digital media in your case study.  E.g. Representation of certain groups as a result of changes, Marxism & Hegemony, Liberal Pluralism, colonialism, audience theories etc.



Consider theoretical perspectives in relation to the impact of new/ digital media in your case study.  E.g. Representation of certain groups as a result of changes, Marxism & Hegemony, Liberal Pluralism, colonialism, audience theories etc.


The impact of new and digital media has had an impact on Marxism and Hegemony, which is primarily due to the fact that market leaders are rising to significance globally and doesn’t allow other competitors to come though. This is especially evident with Apple and Samsung which exert western hegemony on other countries.





Monday 31 March 2014

New case study questions 7-8

  1. 7. What concerns/ considerations are there (if any) for the media institutions involved in your case study as a result of the impact of new and digital media? (e.g. deskilling or multi-skilling of the workforce/ decline in workforce etc)


A concern for the impact of new and digital media on mobile phones is that people may become too reliant on them which may in turn make them lazier and technology reliant. An economic concern would be that the increase in use of smart phones and the continuing development of them may mean that other institution - that may have been market leaders in other sectors may be affected by mobile technology. This includes companies such as Canon (cameras) as people aren’t buying cameras as much as they used to due to the sophistication of cameras on smart phones. This also affects gaming companies such as Nintendo as people are using their smart phones to play games and therefore people won’t be as interested in buying games consoles or games as smart phone technology may increase and become just as sophisticated.

Additionally, due to the fact that Apple is a well-known company, they have to consider their public image. If they get bad press showing how their production lines have a lack of working standards or their workers get paid a low wage, this would give the company a bad image and reputation.



  1. 8. What are the political and social implications of the new technologies and the methods of their consumption?  E.g. moral panics etc?

There are various social implications of new technolgies and the methods of consumtion such as it creating a means for moral panic. This may be down to the fact that the technology is developing so quickly that consumers may not be able to keep up.  An example of this is the introduction of contact-less payment, even with contact-less credit/debit cards, it is still not that mainstream and the fact that they are predicting that 50% of Visa transactions will be via a mobile device in 2020 suggests they are possible moving too fast before people are ready of familiar with it. 

http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240177966/Boots-to-roll-out-contactless-payments-nationwide - The primary moral panic will be fear of fraud - which may be similar to when online banking was introduced.

Sunday 30 March 2014

NDM weekly story

 Flappy bird may return to app stores

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/12/flappy-bird-may-return-to-app-stores

Rage against the Flappy Bird.

Summary of Story: The popular Flappy Bird game which was removed over the creator receiving threats and hate mail may return. Some users did assume it was taken down due to  copyright issues as it has a similar background and pipe design to super mario.

My view on story: Since its absence from smartphone app stores, a cottage industry in Flappy Bird clones has grown up, with dozens of games sporting titles like Hoppy Frog and Splashy Fish dominating the charts. There are also versions that run on PC and Mac, including one massively multiplayer take on the recipe. So whatever happens with the original title, we are assured of many flappy returns.


Daily Mail and Guardian digital 'minnows', says News UK chief

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/mar/05/daily-mail-guardian-digital-minnows-news-uk-mike-darcey4

This article talks about the issue of whether advertising or paywalls are better in generating revenues. Mike Darcey believes that the Daily Mail and the Guardian as "digital minnows" Because, they focus on advertising to generate revenue which could lead to problems in the future and is a dangerous strategy. As a result, Darcey favours paywalls as free online "undermines the incentive for people to pay for print editions". Relying on adverting revenue is putting themselves in competition with global conglomerates such as Google and Facebook which may put them at a disadvantage. Significantly, he states: "If this is your only revenue source, then you need to think about the fact that you are head-to-head with the global internet titans". 

To conclude, I disagree with the Darcey's view that the Guardian and Daily Mail are digital minnow, because if companies included paywalls this could decrease their readership. Although there would be problems if the companies reply on online advertising as their revenue streaming, this may not effect their readership if they do not include paywalls.

New Case Study Questions : 4-6

  1. 4. Is the size of the audience any different now than before the impact of new and digital media (or has the pattern of usage changed)? E.G. consider for the impact of new and digital media on TV broadcasting the change in audience ratings for programmes as a consequence of the deregulation of TV.  (Prior to deregulation audience figures could be 20m+ for Eastenders etc to a situation today where, due to the massive number of channels now available, audiences are vastly reduced and fragmented).

The size of the audience for mobile phones has increased largely since new and digital media made an impact on it. This is especcialy clear in teenagers who are the largest group of frequent mobile phone users - http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/2/prweb9194179.htm. However, this in the future, even younger people maystart to use smart phones as they have much more convergence and are multi purpose. Addionally, the fact that mobile phones/smart phones can be used for various different tasks now - prior to standard mobile phones - means that people are bound to use them more seeing as they can accomplaish many tasks - from phoneing/messaging people, to watching videos, visiting webpages and gaming. Furthermore, as they have more sophisticated software the settings can be changed to suit the user - and possibly to increase its ease of usability for people who may find them more difficult to use.





  1. Who are the primary target audience now and has this changed?  Who was it before and how do you know?  
TEXT 
http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/mobile-phone/3319666/apples-iphone-is-most-popular-smartphone-with-mobile-workers/


CURRENT TARGET AUDIENCE
Business people

ORIGINAL TARGET AUDIENCE

HOW DO YOU KNOW?
Smart phones have become more advanced, have used convergence and have become largely multi-functional with various elements such as email, internet, planners, and various apps to aid people in their organisation.

TEXT

CURRENT TARGET AUDIENCE
Teenagers/Young Adults

ORIGINAL TARGET AUDIENCE

HOW DO YOU KNOW 
Companies have introduced countless entertainment apps in order to make smart phones a gaming device - apps include Temple Run and Angry Birds which are very popular and raise a lot of revenue. Furthermore, Windows Phones integrate XBox live into their operation system allowing gamers to keep track of their gaming. Communication apps are also a way of encouraging young mobile users to use smart phones as it allows interaction among peers for free - this especially became popular when Blackberrys became mainstream.

6. How have the audience responded to the changes?  Is there more customer choice?  Is there evidence of a more pluralistic model?  What evidence do you have to support this?

The audience have responded in a positive way to the changes as they constanly accept the various advancements mobile phones have; it may possibly be down to the fact that it may be making life - and certain tasks more ealier to accomplish - such as shopping, or finding places to eat, etc. Additionally, it also creates more entertainment for the audience as they can use them for gaming or streaming videos. However, theres the issue of; are audiences ready for the continuing developments? And the fact that it may bring about a moral panic.

 There is quite a range in customer choice as companies aim to bring out new models to suit a range of different people. http://www.t-mobile.co.uk/shop/pay-monthly/mobile-phones/ However, there are dominant companies such as Apple and Samsung - who are in high competition with one another  which is highlighted through the law suit http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20635961 - as well as HTC, Nokia and Blackberry - who are trying to re-emerge. On the other hand, there is a huge range in customer choice in terms of apps, which suggests that theres apps for everyone and everything and is a means of consumers creating revenue for the companies. Additionally, theres also competition in the operating systems - mainly with iOS and android.http://www.extremetech.com/computing/139458-android-now-powers-75-of-all-smartphones-sold-are-we-heading-towards-a-google-monopoly However, it seems that android is dominant due to the range of smartphones that has this operating system and the fact that its slightly more affordable.

There is attempts for a more pluralistic model due to the fact that there are various companies that manufacture phones, however the market leaders are Apple and Samsung. Oh the other hand, most smart phones more or less do similar things - such as checking news/weather, watching videos, playing games and now more recently some sort of voice commanding software. Competing companies aim to go above each other or at least become equivalent to the market leaders; so in this sense we could say that there is not much of a pluralistic model as the concept of smartphones from each company are quite similar in some aspects.http://www.qbn.com/topics/654022/

Saturday 22 March 2014

New Case Study Questions - 1-3


  1. 1. Has new and digital media had an impact upon ownership and control of the media institution(s) involved in your case study area?  Explain in detail any impact and what exactly has changed.

New and digital media has had an impact on smartphones as we are now able to use our phones for a huge amount of tasks - this is due to convergence. However, there is dominance over this area, with the main competiors being Apple, Samsung and HTC. For example; there was a law suit going on between Apple and Samsung, with Apple claiming that Samsung had coppied various elements of their software.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc._v._Samsung_Electronics_Co.,_Ltd. Nonetheless, it seems as though the ios running system is the market leader. This is evident as many apps are available on ios before they are available on the android systems. Blackberry have also tried to regain a place in the smart phone market with their attempts to introduce a new phone and opperating system. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/jan/31/blackberry-bb10-z10-roundup This contrasts to a year back - or so - when blackberrys seemed to be the most popular phones. It now seems Apple is hegemonic as it is the leading company for not just the iPhone (smart phones) but also tablets and macs are increasing in popularity.
Furthermore, the market leaders in the mobile phone competition have completely changed from a few years ago when Nokia was the leading phone company, however as the use of smart phones is increasing, Nokia are slightly behind its competitors. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17769772


  1. 2. What impact has there been on the way in which the audience now consume the media products/ texts involved in your case study?  How does it differ from what went before?  Consider (SHEP)


The primary way in which the audience now consume smart phones is through contract plans, this differs from around 10 years ago when contract plans were primarily used by professional adults, whereas everyone else used pay as you go top ups. This shows how people have began to use their phones more as these plans are better value for money in the long term if you're going to be using your phone regularly. Furthermore, internet is usually included in these contract plans which allows consumers to always be connected and have the world wide web in their pockets. Additionally, the use of internet on smartphones allows users to download apps onto their phones which is also another means for making money. Some apps also are designed as some sort of replacement  for texing such as Whatsapp which uses an 3G connection as well as iMessage which is designed for iPhone users.






  1. 3. What impact has there been on how the media institution now has to produce the texts and the way in which the texts/ products are distributed and exhibited?  This should involve a detailed textual analysis of at least 3 texts to demonstrate the point.


The iPhone (5) is the sixth generation of the iPhone which is slimmer and lighter with a larget 4 inch screen. It was released on 12 September 2012 and was available to pre-order on the 14 September - and recieved over 2 million in 24 hours.
After its launch, Samsung filed a law suit against Apple claiming that it inflinged some of its patents.
Components and labour to construct the most basic model cost US$207 (est) - which is US$19 more than components for the iPhone 4S model.



This iPhone5 advert mimics the simplicity of the  iPhone - although it is very multifunctional, it is designed quite simplisticly and is quite easy to use in order to attract a wider audience. The advert uses large images to make the advert eye catching and attractive as theres no text - we can connote the institution is allowing the phone to speak for itself or that is all people need - they dont need to carry anything else - this is reinforced by the basic, functional apps that are visiable on screen. The images are central to the iPhone marketing campaign as near enough every year they release a new one - people always want to see whats so different about it and get annoyed if it looks more or less the same. By using images from various angles makes it clear for people to see. The picture at the bottom displays the iPod function which shows that they still havent forgtten about their origins and the initial purpose of the iPhone - to not have to carry a phone and an MP3 player around at the same time. Lastly, the text and ambiguous but clear slogan infers that it is a quality phone and is what people have been waiting for.


Samsung Gallaxy S III runs of the Android operating system and is designed developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It has additional software features and is redesigned from the Gallaxy S II. It has a 4.8 inch screen.
This US advert for the Samsung Galaxy SIII suggests and aims to portray that it is far more superior than the iPhone 5 - its rival. The large bold text at the top draws people in to reading further on in the advert. The text is inferring it is obvious which phone is better. The images of both the phones allow people to compare the phones against each other, however, the fact that the iPhone is black against the dark blue background doesnt allow it to stand out and draws people attention to the SII due to its complementing colour against the background. Lastly, the small print attracts readers as they will want to know exactly what it says and the fact that the lists are side by sides makes the comparison obvious and what one has more features and better spec. The fact that it is these phones compared together infer that these are the two market leaders and main rivals. By comparing them, the audience can easily see what one is better (for them).

HTC

This advert for the HTC Sensation 4G differs from the previous two as it seems much more personal to its audience. The large image shows the front of the phone however playing a music video - from this we can infer that its primary (extra) function is as a music/media player. The use of the illustrated letters of the word "you" makes the advert more personal to the people and makes them feel included - especially from the text which draws attention to the word "innovation" being followed by "inspired by you". This is intentional from the institution as they recognise that their rivaling companies attract consumers by boasting about the spec, whereas HTC aim to draw and audience in subtly and friendly. The mention of the compatibility of "Google Goggles" also allows people to identify something familiar and reliable and will associate it positively with this phone. Lastly, the HTC slogan in the bottom right hand corner with the short slogan; "quietly brilliant" connotes that HTC have recognised that their competition - Apple and Samsung - are great, but suggests they are over-rated and although HTC aren't as overt as its competitors, there are just as good and come across as an underdog.